This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the sensing mechanisms in fiber-optic pressure sensors, with a particular focus on the performance optimization effects of fiber structures and materials, while elucidating their application characteristics in different sensing. This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the sensing mechanisms in fiber-optic pressure sensors, with a particular focus on the performance optimization effects of fiber structures and materials, while elucidating their application characteristics in different sensing. Fiber-optic sensors can be implemented in an extremely space-saving manner due to the separation of the sensor head and evaluation unit. In addition, amplifiers and cables can be flexibly combined with each other according to specific requirements. Different technologies, designs and materials of. Fiber-optic sensing (FOS) technology has emerged as a cutting-edge research focus in the sensor field due to its miniaturized structure, high sensitivity, and remarkable electromagnetic interference immunity. These sensors mainly measure physical quantities, such as object displacement and pressure, by.