This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology, focusing on their operating principles, key advantages such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and common challenges like temperature-strain cross-sensitivity and the high cost. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology, focusing on their operating principles, key advantages such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and common challenges like temperature-strain cross-sensitivity and the high cost. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology. A Fiber Bragg Grating is an optical device composed of a series of closely spaced periodic variations. The refractive index is permanently changed according to the exposed light intensity.
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