A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors"). Fibers have many uses in remote sensing. In 2023, researchers turned submarine cables into earthquake warning systems and gave electric vehicles “optical nerves” to prevent battery failures. The fiber becomes the sensor while the interrogator injects laser energy into the fiber and detects. Far beyond its origins in telecommunications, FOS now provides critical data across sectors, from safeguarding infrastructure to advancing environmental conservation. This signal can then be measured by an instrument or interpreted by a user. For example, a thermocouple is a sensor that detects.
[PDF Version]