FBG technology leverages wavelength shifts in reflected light caused by strain-induced changes in fiber optics, enabling continuous and real-time monitoring of bridge deformations at micro-strain levels. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology. These constraints have led researchers and engineers to explore optical fiber sensing technologies, with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors emerging at the forefront due to their high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and capability for distributed measurements across critical. er Bragg Grating (FBG) fiber-optic sensors for embedded, high-precision deformation monitoring in civil infrastructure.
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